Salman Sohily. The Contribution of the Early Abbasid Caliphs (232-132 AH) to the Development of Scholarly Disciplines. iisj [Internet]. 2024 Aug. 22 [cited 2025 Jan. 7];8(03):Page: 621-627. Available from: https://iisj.in/index.php/iisj/article/view/483