Strategies for the Development of Sports Tourism under Sanctions

Abstract

Today, sports tourism, as one of the most dynamic and profitable sub-sectors of the tourism industry, plays a key role in economic growth, job creation, and the enhancement of national branding of destinations. However, realizing this potential in developing countries facing international sanctions is accompanied by serious structural and perceptual challenges. Sanctions, through mechanisms such as deterioration of destination image, reduced tourists’ perceived security, disruptions to financial transactions, and limitations on international transportation, significantly affect inbound tourist flows. The present study was conducted to identify strategies for developing sports tourism in Iran under sanctions, adopting a qualitative approach based on thematic analysis. Data were collected from two main sources: a systematic review of scientific literature and national upstream documents, and the insights of 14 academic and executive experts through a specialized panel. Data analysis, following the six-phase framework of Braun and Clarke and integrating a deductive–inductive approach, led to the identification of 12 major strategic domains, including managerial strategies, media and cyberspace strategies, political strategies, economic strategies, strategies based on natural capacities, technological strategies, strategies based on indigenous and geopolitical advantages, private sector participation, educational strategies, national brand enhancement, regional cooperation, and infrastructure development. A common feature of these strategies is the emphasis on endogenous capacities, reduction of vulnerability to external pressures, and a strategic shift from high-risk global markets toward regional and neighboring markets based on cultural and civilizational commonalities. The findings indicate that, despite creating undeniable challenges, sanctions can act as a catalyst for strategic reconsideration, reprioritization, and the discovery of neglected domestic capacities. From a theoretical perspective, this study provides a conceptual framework at the intersection of sports tourism literature, destination marketing, and the political economy of sanctions; from a practical perspective, it offers a roadmap for policymakers, sports managers, and stakeholders in Iran’s tourism industry.                                                                                  

Keywords: Sports tourism, International sanctions, Development strategies, Sports diplomacy, Destination marketing, Iran